入門

要開始使用 pip，您應該在您的系統上安裝 Python。

確保您有一個可用的 pip

首先，您應該確認您有一個安裝 pip 的可用 Python。這可以透過執行以下指令並確保輸出看起來類似來完成。

Linux

$ python --version
Python 3.N.N
$ python -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

MacOS

$ python --version
Python 3.N.N
$ python -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

Windows

C:> py --version
Python 3.N.N
C:> py -m pip --version
pip X.Y.Z from ... (python 3.N.N)

如果這樣有作用，恭喜！您環境中有一個可用的 pip。

如果您得到看起來不像上面範例輸出的結果，請閱讀安裝頁面。它提供如何在沒有 pip 的 Python 環境中安裝 pip 的指南。

一般任務

安裝套件

Linux

$ python -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

預設情況下，pip 會從Python 套件索引中取得套件，這是一個 Python 程式語言軟體儲存庫，只要有人就能上傳套件。

從 GitHub 安裝套件

Linux

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install git+https://github.com/pypa/sampleproject.git@main
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

有關此語法的更多資訊，請參閱VCS 支援。

從發行檔安裝套件

pip 也可以直接從發行檔安裝。它們有 2 種形式

• 原始碼發行檔（通常縮寫為「sdist」）

• 輪子發行檔（通常縮寫為「輪子」）

Linux

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
$ python -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0.tar.gz
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject
C:> py -m pip install sampleproject-1.0-py3-none-any.whl
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

使用需求檔案安裝多個套件

許多 Python 專案會使用requirements.txt檔案，以指定在專案執行時需安裝的套件清單。要安裝檔案中所列的套件，您可以執行

Linux

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install -r requirements.txt
[...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

升級套件

Linux

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
   [...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
   [...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip install --upgrade sampleproject
   [...]
Successfully installed sampleproject

解除安裝套件

Linux

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (Y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

MacOS

$ python -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (Y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

Windows

C:> py -m pip uninstall sampleproject
Uninstalling sampleproject:
   [...]
Proceed (Y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled sampleproject

後續步驟

建議瞭解什麼是虛擬環境以及如何使用它們。這在 packaging.python.org 的安裝套件教學課程中有所涵蓋。